Топик: Лекции по английскому (полный курс)

3. Образуйте общий вопрос.

Пример:. I watched TV last night. And you? Did you watch TV last night?

a.   I enjoyed the party. And you? ….

b.   I had a good holiday. And you? ….

c.    I got up early this morning. And you? ….

d.   I slept well last night. And you? ….

e.    I worked hard yesterday. And you? ….

f.    I went to bed at eleven o’clock yesterday. And you? ….

g.   I saw Tom at the party. And you? ….

h.   I sent three telegrams yesterday. And you? ….

i.    I passed the exam yesterday. And you? ….

4. Скажите, что вы делали (не делали) вчера.

Пример: (watch TV)    I watched TV yesterday. I didn’t watch TV yesterday.   

a.   (get up before 7.30)

b.   (have a shower)

c.    (buy magazine)

d.   (speak English)

e.    (do an examination)

f.    (eat meat)

g.   (meet my friend)

5.Образуйте специальный вопрос.

Пример: He went abroad . Where did he go?

a.   I met somebody. Who … ?

b.   Henry arrived. What time …?

c.    She saw somebody. Who …?

d.   They wanted something. What … ?

e.    The party finished. What time …?

f.    He went home early. Why …?

g.   We had dinner. What …?

h.   It cost a lot of money. How much …?

6.  Разыграйте следующие и составьте аналогичныe диалоги.

-               Where were you yesterday morning?

-               I discussed a lot of problems with my manager. And you?

-               I saw many interesting things yesterday.

-               Did you buy any postcards?

-               Paul had an appointment at 11 o’clock with Mr. Brown.

-               No, he didn’t have an appointment at 11 o’clock with Mr. Brown. He had an appointment with Mr. White.

-              

7. Расскажите о вчерашнем дне, предварительно ответив на вопросы:

a.   What did you have for breakfast yesterday?

b.   Did you enjoy your breakfast?

c.    What did you do after breakfast?

d…Did you go to work?

8.  Образуйте вопрос и ответьте на него.

Пример: When did you last have a holiday?  -  Last July.

a.   see a video

b.   go shopping

c.    give someone a present

d.   take a photograph

e.    send a letter

f.    see a friend

g.   have a dinner at a restaurant

h.   lose something

i.    go abroad

j.    stay away from classes

k.   tell  a lie

l.    discuss a difficult problem with you friend

m.  buy a coat

n.   get up late in the morning

o.   be late to work

p.   make a phone call

q.   pay a bill

r.    cash a cheque

9.. Скажите три вещи, которые вы могли делать в пять лет.

Пример: I could ride a bike when I was five.

10. Скажите три вещи, которые вы не могли делать в пять лет.

Пример: I couldn’t use a computer when I was five.

Present Perfect

(Настоящее завершенное время)

        We use the present  perfect tense for an  action in  the past with  a result  now (выражает  действие, завершенное к данному моменту, результат которого налицо).

We use the present perfect with ever, never, already, just yet, recently, for since, etc.

Форма образования have/has + past participle of the verb

Positive (положительная форма)

I/we/you/they have done/finished

He/she/it has done/finished

Negative (отрицательная форма)

I/we/you/they have not (haven’t) done/finished

He/she/it has not (hasn’t) done/finished

Question (вопрос)

Have I/we/you/they done/finished?

Has he/she/it done/finished?

Examples:

I have just done my work.

I haven’t done my work yet.

He has travelled all over the world.

They have already come home.

Irregulars (неправильные глаголы)

Base form                Past Simple                 Past participle

Be                            was/were                     been

Become                   became                        become

Begin                       began                          begun

Build                        built                            built

Can                           could                          been able

Come                        came                           come

Cost                           cost                            cost

Do                             did                              done

Get                            got                              got

Go                              went                          gone

Have                          had                             had

Know                          knew                         known

Learn                          learnt                         learnt

Make                          made                          made

Read                            read                          read

Say                              said                          said

Take                            took                          taken

Write                           wrote                        written

HAVE GOT/ HAVE

Have got = Have (в значении “иметь”, “обладать”).

Форма “have got” чаще употребляется в разговорной речи. Форма “have got “ в прошедшем времени не употребляется.

I’ve got a bad cold.

но

I had a bad cold last week.

have got                                               have 

Positive                                                Positive    

I have got some money                       I have some money

You have got some money                 You have some money

We have got some money                  We have some money

They have got some money               They have some money

He has got some money                     He has some money

She has got some money                   She has some money

It has got some money                       It has some money

Negative                                               Negative

I haven’t got any money                     I don’t have any money

You haven’t got any money               You don’t have any money

We haven’t got any money                 We don’t have any money

They haven’t got any money             They don’t have any money

He hasn’t got any money                   He doesn’t have any money

She hasn’t got any money                 She doesn’t have any money

It hasn’t got any money                      It doesn’t have any money

Questions                                             Questions

Have I got any money?                      Do I have any money? 

Have you got any money?                 Do you have any money?

Have we got  any money?                  Do we have any money?

Have they got any money?                Do they have any money?

Has he got any money?                     Does he have any money?

Has she got any money?                   Does she have any money?

Has it got any money?                       Does it have any money?

How much money have you got?      How much money do you have?

How many credit cards have I got?   How many credit cards do I have?

Short answers                                   Short answers

Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.                Yes, I do./ No I don’t.

Yes, she has./ No, she hasn’t.           Yes, she does./ No, she doesn’t.

Тема 8

Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense

(Прошедшее продолженное время)

Настоящее Продолженное Время употребляется для обозначения действия, которое продолжалось какое-то время в прошлом в момент другого действия, выраженного, как правило, в прошедшем простом времени.

Образуется прошедшее продолженное время при помощи вспомогательного глагола “ to be” в прошедшем времени и “ing” формы смыслового глагола.

Сравните:

Настоящее продолженное                  Прошедшее продолженное

He is sleeping now.                               He was sleeping when I came.

Он спит сейчас.                                   Он спал, когда я пришел.  

I am reading now.                                   I was reading when he phoned.

Я читаю сейчас.                                    Я читал, когда он позвонил.

They are having dinner now.                 They were having dinner at 7 last night.                   Они обедают сейчас.                           Они обедали в 7 часов вечера  вчера.    

Вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола “was” (“were”).

Например:

 He was watching TV when she came.

 Was he watching TV when she came?

 He was not watching TV when she came.

 What was he doing when she came?

 What was he watching when she came?

Упражнения на закрепление.

1.   Задайте вопросы по образцу:

Steve usually cleans his suit on Saturdays.

(when Jeff phoned)

Was Steve cleaning his suit when Jeff phoned?

1.   Ann usually cooks dinner at 7 o’clock. (when Peter phoned)

2.   Jill usually goes to the library every evening. ( when we saw her)

3.   Liz plays the violin every day.( when mother came home)

4.   Mr Brown reads his newspaper  after supper. (when the telephone rang)

5.   She usually does her homework in the afternoon. ( when Ann opened the door)

6.   Jane sometimes drinks coffee with Mike. ( when her husband saw them)

2. Переведите диалог и обратите внимание на использование настоящего продолженного времени.

Thomas is a student. He's staying with the Taylors, an English family.

Thomas: Hello, Mrs Taylor. Can you help me? I'm doing my homework and I can't understand this word.

Mrs Taytor: Which one? Oh... that’s difficult. I can't help you now.... I'm watching something...

Thomas: Oh? What are you watching?

Mrs Taylor: I'm watching a cowboy film.

Thomas: Can Mr Taylor help me?

Mrs Taylor: No, he can't now, Thomas. He's reading.

Thomas: What's he reading?

Mrs Taytor: He's reading a magazine.

Thomas: What about Kate?

 Mrs Taylor: Oh, she can't help you now... she's phoning someone.

Thomas: Oh? Who's she phoning?

Mrs Taylor: She's phoning her boyfriend... you're asking a lot of questions tonight, Thomas!

Thomas: Am I?... Well,

I am practicing my English!

Напишите, что делали все члены семьи Тейлор в то время, когда Томас просил ему помочь.( Переделайте настоящее продолженное время в прошедшее продолженное.)

Например: When Thomas asked Mrs Taylor to help him, she was watching a cowboy film.

3. Используя образец, напишите 7 вопросов и ответьте на них .       

 What are Jill and John doing?- They are playing tennis.

1. Mr Smith/his car

2. Mary/a letter

3. Mr and Mrs Jones/television

4. Bob/a letter

5. Arthur and Mike/ a box

6. Mrs Brown/the dishes

7. Tony/beer

drinking

watching

carrying

writing

typing

cleaning

washing

Предлоги.

Времени.

·   at  

8 o’clock

10.30

midnight etc.

I start work at 8 o’clock.

The shops close at 5.30 p.m.

·   on

Sunday(s)

25 April

New year’s Day

Goodbye! See you on Friday.

I don’t work on Sundays.

The concert is on 22 November.

 - In

April / June

1985 / 1750

(the) summer / spring

I’m going on holiday in October.

Jill left school in 1995.

The garden is lovely in spring

also

at the weekend

at night

at Christmas /Easter

at the end of ...

at the moment

in the morning

in the afternoon

in the evening

but

on Monday morning

on Friday evening, etc.

Are you going away at the weekend?

-    I can’t sleep at night.

-    In Britain children get presents at Christmas.

-    I’m going on holiday at the end of October.

-    Are you busy at the moment?

-    I always feel good in the morning.

-    Do you often go out in the evening?

-    I’m meeting Jill on Monday morning.

-    Are you doing anything on Friday?

·   in five minutes / in a few days / in six weeks / in two years etc.

- Hurry! The train leaves in five minutes.

- Goodbye. I’ll see you in a few days.

·   at  on  in  We do not use at/ on / in before:

this ... (this morning / this week...)

every ...( every day / every week...)

last ... (last August / last week ...)

next ... ( next Monday / next week ...)

- They’re going on holiday next Monday.

- Last summer we went to Scotland.

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE ( Прошедшее законченное время)

The Past Perfect Tense( Прошедшее законченное время) употребляется для выражения прошедшего действия, которое произошло до другого действия в прошлом или которое закончилось в прошлом к определенному моменту.

Например:

I had already had dinner when they arrived.

Я уже пообедал, когда они прибыли.

He had finished his work by 2 o’clock yesterday.

Он уже закончил работу к 2 часам вчера.

Образуется Прошедшее законченное время при помощи прошедшей формы вспомогательного глагола “to have “ и причастия 2 ( третьей формы) cмыслового глагола.

Вопросительная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола “had”:

Had she taken that bag before you asked her?

Had they done the shopping by 3 p.m. yesterday?

Why had she told him everything before his wife saw  them?

 Отрицательная форма Прошедшего законченного времени образуется при помощи отрицательной частицы “not”, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола “ had”:

The post had not arrived when she went downstairs.

Упражнения.

1. Перепишите предложения в прошедшем законченном времени, сделав все необходимые изменения:

1. I am not hungry. I have already had dinner.

2.   He is not tired. He has already had a sleep.

3.   She is not busy. She has already done her homework.

4.   She doesn’t take the umbrella. The rain has already stopped.

5.   They are not in a hurry. The train has already left.

6.   We do not have to take a taxi. The car has already come.

2. Переведите на английский язык.

1.   Когда я попросил Аню напечатать письмо, она сказала , что она его уже отпечатала.

2.   Она сказала мне свое имя после того, как он ушел.

3.   Когда они прибыли, спектакль уже начался.

4.   Он уже изучал  экономику до того, как уехал из Англии.

5.   Он поблагодарил меня за то, что я для него сделал.

6.   Когда они пришли на станцию, поезд уже отошел.

7.   Она не узнала его, потому что никогда не видела его раньше

Тема 9

                                      THE  FUTURE ACTION

  Для выражения будущего действия в современном английском языке              употребляется              

   Future Simple

  Give me your bag. I’ll carry it for you (решение принято в момент             речи)

  Present Continuous

  I’m having an appointment tonight (запланированная встреча)

  Going to (собираться что-либо сделать)

  We are going to move to London.

 Future Indefinite Tense

Образование Future indefinite Tense

1. Утвердительная форма Future Indefinite Tense образуется при помощи вспомогательных глаголов shall и will и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола (без частицы to). Shall употребляется с 1-м лицом единственного и множественного числа, a will с остальными лицами:

I (we) shall work

he (she, it)   ,    .„    .

, ,   '   } will work you (they)

2. В вопросительной форме Future Indefinite вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим:

Shall I (we) work? Will he (you, they) work?

3. Отрицательная форма Future Indefinite образуется при помощи отрицательной частицы not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола:

I (we) shall not work. He (you, they) will not work.

4. В вопросительно-отрицательной форме Future indefinite частица not стоит непосредственно после подлежащего:

Shall I (we) not work? Will he (you, they) not work?

5. В разговорной речи обычно употребляются следующие сокращения:

I'll [ail] work        I shan't [ja:nt] work   Shan't I work?

he'll [hil] work      I" II not work      

she'll [j'i:l] work   he won't [wount] work   Won't he (she, it) work?

we'll [wi:l] work   he'll not work      

You'll [ju:l] work  she won't work          Shan't we work?

They'll [6eil] work         she'll not work    

it won't work        it will not work    Won't you work?

we shan't work     we' II not work       Won't they work?

you won't work    you'll not work    

they won't work   they'll network    

Употребление Future Indefinite Tense

Future Indefinite Tense употребляется:

1. Для выражения действия, которое совершится в будущем. Может обозначать как однократное, так и повторяющееся действие. Future Indefinite Tense переводится на русский язык будущим временем глагола совершенного и не совершенного вида, в зависимости от общего смысла предложения:

Не will return to Moscow                       Он вернется в Москву через

in a few days.                                          несколько дней.

We shall not see him til! Monday.      Мы не увидим его до понедельника. They will take English lessons            Они будут брать английские уроки twice a week.                                       два раза в неделю.

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